Introduction
Ammonia, a highly basic compound (pH ~12), can find its way into pool water from organic waste, urine, or external contaminants. It poses a challenge for maintaining proper disinfection.

Why Is Ammonia Problematic?

• High chlorine demand: Ammonia rapidly reacts with free chlorine, forming chloramines (combined chlorine), which reduces effective disinfection.
• Unpleasant odor: Chloramines often create a strong “chlorine” smell and can irritate swimmers’ eyes and skin.
• pH fluctuations: While ammonia is basic, the reaction process with chlorine can lead to complex shifts in the pool’s pH.

How to Address It

Superchlorination (“shock”) is frequently the most effective solution to oxidize ammonia and break down chloramines. Regular pH monitoring and adjustments are also vital.